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      教学原则</h1>
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          <h1 id="一-教学原则的概念"><a href="#一-教学原则的概念" class="headerlink" title="一.教学原则的概念"></a>一.教学原则的概念</h1><p>教学原则是指导老师的教和学生的学的准则。</p>
<h1 id="二-中学常用的教学原则"><a href="#二-中学常用的教学原则" class="headerlink" title="二.中学常用的教学原则"></a>二.中学常用的教学原则</h1><h2 id="（一）直观性原则"><a href="#（一）直观性原则" class="headerlink" title="（一）直观性原则"></a>（一）直观性原则</h2><h3 id="1-含义"><a href="#1-含义" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>尽量可能多的利用学生的感官和已有的经验出发，让学生获得感性认识，使得学生获得生动的形象。</p>
<h3 id="2-直观手段"><a href="#2-直观手段" class="headerlink" title="2.直观手段"></a>2.直观手段</h3><p>直观手段分为三大类：实物直观，模象直观，语言直观<br>实物直观：实际物体的基础上提供感性材料<br>模象直观：实物的模拟性形象提供感性材料，图片，PPT，报表<br>语言直观：生动形象，富有感染力的语言使事物在学生大脑中重现。</p>
<h3 id="3-相关思想教育"><a href="#3-相关思想教育" class="headerlink" title="3.相关思想教育"></a>3.相关思想教育</h3><p>历代教育家都很重视直观性原则。</p>
<h3 id="4-贯彻此原则的要求"><a href="#4-贯彻此原则的要求" class="headerlink" title="4.贯彻此原则的要求"></a>4.贯彻此原则的要求</h3><p>（1）正确选择直观教具和现代化教学手段，直观手段要有目的性和必要性，材料要典型。<br>（2）直观教具的演示要和语言讲解相互联系。不是让学生随便看看，要有目的，有针对性，在开始之前，做一些思维获得，在进行中要和语言进行讲解，在之后要进行总结。<br>（3）重视语言的运用，语言可以突破实物和模像，展开想象，依赖于学生原有的知识结构，产生新的意象。</p>
<p>最后不能吧直观当做目的，直观是手段，不能为了直观而直观。只有在学生认识有障碍时候使用，过多的直观会浪费时间。</p>
<h2 id="（二）启发式原则"><a href="#（二）启发式原则" class="headerlink" title="（二）启发式原则"></a>（二）启发式原则</h2><h3 id="1-含义-1"><a href="#1-含义-1" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>以学生为主体，引导学生，让学生积极主动，自觉地掌握科学文化知识和分析问题解决问题的能力。</p>
<h3 id="2-相关教育思想"><a href="#2-相关教育思想" class="headerlink" title="2.相关教育思想"></a>2.相关教育思想</h3><p>中外教育家都有赞同这方面的人，孔子，苏格拉底，第斯多惠。</p>
<h3 id="3-贯彻此原则的要求"><a href="#3-贯彻此原则的要求" class="headerlink" title="3.贯彻此原则的要求"></a>3.贯彻此原则的要求</h3><p>（1）调动学生学习积极性。老师要积极引导学生，激发学生主动积极学习，将一时的兴趣转化为持久的动力。<br>（2）启发独立思考，发展学生逻辑思维能力。老师要勤于提出问题让学生思考，并且要让学生敢于提出问题，善于思考，深度思考，培养他们分析问题解决问题能力。<br>（3）鼓励学生动手，培养他们独立解决问题的能力。将知识创造性的用于实际，布置任务作业，提供素材，情境，材料，去独立思考探索。<br>（4）方向教学民主：建立平等的师生关系和生生关系，让学生敢于提问，乐于提问。</p>
<h2 id="（三）巩固原则性"><a href="#（三）巩固原则性" class="headerlink" title="（三）巩固原则性"></a>（三）巩固原则性</h2><h3 id="1-含义-2"><a href="#1-含义-2" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>引导学生在理解的基础上记忆知识，在使用时候能提取出来进行使用。<br>解决的矛盾是获得知识和保留知识之间的矛盾。</p>
<h3 id="2-相关教育思想-1"><a href="#2-相关教育思想-1" class="headerlink" title="2.相关教育思想"></a>2.相关教育思想</h3><p>孔子，夸美纽斯，乌申斯基等等</p>
<h3 id="3-贯彻此原则的要求是"><a href="#3-贯彻此原则的要求是" class="headerlink" title="3.贯彻此原则的要求是"></a>3.贯彻此原则的要求是</h3><p>（1）在理解的基础上巩固知识。巩固知识首先要理解知识，教师要把理解知识和巩固知识联系起来，强调理解记忆并不是否定机械记忆<br>（2）重视组合记忆：老师要指导学生培养记忆的方法，布置提问记忆的任务和要求，养成复习的习惯，复习的方法多样化。<br>（3）在扩充，改编运用知识的过程中巩固知识，努力学习新的知识，扩大加深原有知识，积极将所学的知识用于实际来巩固知识，。</p>
<h2 id="（四）循序渐进原则性"><a href="#（四）循序渐进原则性" class="headerlink" title="（四）循序渐进原则性"></a>（四）循序渐进原则性</h2><h3 id="1-含义-3"><a href="#1-含义-3" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>系统原则性，按照知识的逻辑体系和学生认知能力发展进行学习，使得学生系统的掌握技能和知识，形成严谨的逻辑思维。</p>
<h3 id="2-相关教育思想-2"><a href="#2-相关教育思想-2" class="headerlink" title="2.相关教育思想"></a>2.相关教育思想</h3><p>《学记》，孟子，朱熹。。</p>
<h3 id="3-贯彻此原则的要求-1"><a href="#3-贯彻此原则的要求-1" class="headerlink" title="3.贯彻此原则的要求"></a>3.贯彻此原则的要求</h3><p>（1）按教材的系统性教学：按照标准的要求和教材的内容系统的教授，有逻辑性，老师要深入研究，搞清楚知识的逻辑关系，重点难点要明白清楚。<br>（2）注意主要矛盾，解决重点与难点的教学。循序渐进并不是要求老师面面俱到，所有的知识都花费相同的时间，而是要吧精力放在重点和难点上。<br>（3）有浅入深，有易入难，由简入繁。教学要遵循基本的要求，要符合认知规律不可以违反。<br>（4）将系统连贯性和灵活性多样性结合起来。认真备课，深刻理解知识，在上课过程重要灵活变通，不能仅仅是按照教材讲述内容，导致课堂死气沉沉。</p>
<h2 id="（五）因材施教"><a href="#（五）因材施教" class="headerlink" title="（五）因材施教"></a>（五）因材施教</h2><h3 id="1-含义-4"><a href="#1-含义-4" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>老师既要按照学校要求，教材要求，课程要求，标准要求，讲解内容，又要更具学生的特点和不同学生的个性，和学习成绩金星教育，扬长避短。</p>
<h3 id="2-相关的教育思想。"><a href="#2-相关的教育思想。" class="headerlink" title="2.相关的教育思想。"></a>2.相关的教育思想。</h3><p>孔子，冉秋，路子，朱熹。</p>
<h3 id="3-贯彻此原则的要求-2"><a href="#3-贯彻此原则的要求-2" class="headerlink" title="3.贯彻此原则的要求"></a>3.贯彻此原则的要求</h3><p>（1）针对学生特点进行区别教学。老师要了解学生是因材施教的基础。<br>（2）采取灵活多样的举措，使学生的才能得到充分的发展。学习应该培养特殊才能的人，采取一些特殊的措施。</p>
<h2 id="（六）理论联系实际原则"><a href="#（六）理论联系实际原则" class="headerlink" title="（六）理论联系实际原则"></a>（六）理论联系实际原则</h2><h3 id="1-含义-5"><a href="#1-含义-5" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>老师引导学生从实际上去理解知识，注意运营知识解决实际问题，达到学以致用。</p>
<h3 id="2-贯彻此原则的要求"><a href="#2-贯彻此原则的要求" class="headerlink" title="2.贯彻此原则的要求"></a>2.贯彻此原则的要求</h3><p>（1）书本知识的教学要注重联系实际。<br>（2）重视培养学生运用知识转化能力。<br>（3）正确处理知识教学和技能训练的关系。<br>（4）补充必要的乡土教材</p>
<h2 id="（七）科学性和思想性相统一"><a href="#（七）科学性和思想性相统一" class="headerlink" title="（七）科学性和思想性相统一"></a>（七）科学性和思想性相统一</h2><h3 id="1-含义-6"><a href="#1-含义-6" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>老师要把科学文化知识教导给学生，同时又要将其中的科学文化知识结合思想道德品质教育。达到教书育人的目的。</p>
<h3 id="2-相关教育思想-3"><a href="#2-相关教育思想-3" class="headerlink" title="2.相关教育思想"></a>2.相关教育思想</h3><p>赫尔巴特。</p>
<h3 id="3-贯彻此原则的要求-3"><a href="#3-贯彻此原则的要求-3" class="headerlink" title="3.贯彻此原则的要求"></a>3.贯彻此原则的要求</h3><p>（1）保证教学的科学性和时代性，教授的知识应该是科学的。<br>（2）发掘教材的思想性，注意教学过程中要对学生进行情感态度和价值观教育。老师要把教材所体现的思想教育道德，和知识理论相结合理解教材的思想性，做到教书育人。<br>（3）不断提高教师的职业素质和道德修养水平。教学的思想道德水平和教师的品质道德保障，教师要不断学习知识，更新文化观念，传递积极的价值观。</p>
<h2 id="（八）量力而行原则"><a href="#（八）量力而行原则" class="headerlink" title="（八）量力而行原则"></a>（八）量力而行原则</h2><h3 id="1-含义-7"><a href="#1-含义-7" class="headerlink" title="1.含义"></a>1.含义</h3><p>教学内容和知识要有一定的难度，需要学生经过一定的努力掌握，但是又不能过于紧张，有合适。</p>
<h3 id="2-相关教育思想-4"><a href="#2-相关教育思想-4" class="headerlink" title="2.相关教育思想"></a>2.相关教育思想</h3><p>墨子，《大学》</p>
<h3 id="3-贯彻此原则的要求-4"><a href="#3-贯彻此原则的要求-4" class="headerlink" title="3.贯彻此原则的要求"></a>3.贯彻此原则的要求</h3><p>（1）了解学生的发展水平，从实际出发教学<br>（2）考虑学生的认识发展时代的特点<br>（3）恰当的把握教学难度</p>

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        </a>
        
      </li>
    
      <li>
        <a href="/atom.xml">
          <span class="faa-parent animated-hover">
            <i class="fa  fa-rss faa-pulse" aria-hidden="true"></i>
            RSS
          </span>
        </a>
        
      </li>
    
  </ul>
  <p style="text-align: center; font-size: 13px; color: #b9b9b9;">&copy 2019 hexo-sakura</p>
</div>
<button onclick="topFunction()" class="mobile-cd-top" id="moblieGoTop" title="Go to top" style="display: none;"><i class="fa fa-chevron-up" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/aplayer/dist/APlayer.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/aplayer/dist/APlayer.min.js"></script>
<!-- require MetingJS -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/meting@2/dist/Meting.min.js"></script>
<style>
  .aplayer .aplayer-lrc {
    height: 35px;
  }
  .aplayer .aplayer-lrc p{
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 18px !important;
  }
  .aplayer .aplayer-lrc p.aplayer-lrc-current{
    color: #FF1493;
  }
  .aplayer.aplayer-narrow .aplayer-body{
    left: -66px !important;
  }
  .aplayer.aplayer-fixed .aplayer-lrc {
    display: none;
  }
  .aplayer .aplayer-lrc.aplayer-lrc-hide {
      display:none !important;
  }
  .aplayer.aplayer-fixed .lrc-show {
    display: block;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  }
</style>
<meting-js

    id="104367284"

    server="netease"

    type="playlist"

    fixed="true"

    autoplay="false"

    loop="all"

    order="random"

    preload="auto"

    volume="0.7"

    mutex="true"

</meting-js>
<script>
  $(function(){
    $('body').on('click', '.aplayer', function(){
      if($('.aplayer-button').hasClass('aplayer-play')) {
        $('.aplayer-lrc').removeClass('lrc-show');
      } else {
        $('.aplayer-lrc').addClass('lrc-show');
      }
    })
  });
</script>
</body>
</html>